The practical consequences of the emissions scandal are that affected vehicles may:
- not have been or may not be compliant with the relevant emissions standards and therefore should not have been registered and allowed to be driven on public roads;
- have emitted higher volumes of NOx than was stated on their registration documents (the V5 logbook);
- have been fitted with an unlawful device which sensed when the vehicle was undergoing emissions testing, and altered the vehicle’s performance accordingly; and
- have been or may in the future be subject to a recall in order for technical measures to be carried out in order to ensure compliance with the relevant emissions regulations (though it is unclear whether any recall will ensure compliance and, even if it does, any such technical measures could have potential adverse effects on the performance, durability and value of affected vehicles).